状语：一般由副词,介词短语或相当于副词的成分充当,可分为时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,方式等.可放在句首,句中或句末.
例：She is very beautiful.(very是副词,做状语)
I got up late this morning.(this morning做时间状语)
I go to school by bus.(by bus做方式状语)
主语：由名词,代词或相当于名词的短语充当,主语一般位于谓语的前面,在倒装句中例外.
例：I can play basketball.(主语是I)
补语：可由形容词,名词,分词等充当,起补充说明的作用.可分为主语补语（主补）和宾语补语（宾补）.
例：The news makes her happy.(happy做宾补)这消息使她很高兴.
宾语：由名词,代词或相当于名词的短语充当,位于谓语或介词的后面.
例：I can paly basketball.(宾语是basketball)
I am at home.(home做at的宾语)