词性：
名词 countable/uncountable noun （c/u./n.）代词：pronoun (pron.)
冠词：definite/indefinite article 数词：number (num)
量词：quantifier 动词：transitive/intransitive verb (vt/vi)
助动词:auxilary verb 情态动词：modal verb
非谓语：non-predicate 连词：conjunction (conj) 形容词：adjective(adj)
副词：adverb(adv) 叹词：exclamation 介词：preposition(prep)
句子成分：
主语：subject (S) 谓语：predicate 宾语：object (O)
定语：attributive 状语：adverbial补语：complement (C)
联系动词：linking verb 表语：predicative
五种简单句：1.S + V(Vi) 2.S+ V(vt)+ O 3.S+ V(linking V)+P 4.S+ V+ IO(indirect object)+ DO (direct object) 5.S+ V+O+ OC (object complement)