tan(A/2)=(1-cosA)/sinA=sinA/(1+cosA);cot(A/2)=sinA/(1-cosA)=(1+cosA)/sinA.sin^2(a/2)=(1-cos(a))/2 cos^2(a/2)=(1+cos(a))/2 tan(a/2)=(1-cos(a))/sin(a)=sin(a)/(1+cos(a))