1、Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly tend to live shorter lives.
主：fruit flies
定：who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly
谓：tend
状：to live shorter lives.
翻译：那些被训化的比一般果蝇更聪明的果蝇活的时间要短一些.
2.This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer,that there is an advantage in not being too bright.这个句子中两个THAT有什么意义.
主：this
谓：suggest
宾：that dimmer bulbs burn longer,that there is an advantage in not being too bright
翻译：这意味着,可调亮度的灯泡的优势是不需要那么亮,所以寿命更长一些.
关于两个that:第一个that不用说了,很明显.第二个that是修饰dimmer bulbs的.
3、Is there an adaptive value to limited intelligence?这个句子的语序看不懂
这是疑问句,肯定的语序是：
There is an adaptive value to limited intelligence.
翻译：对于智力发育不良者来说有适应价值吗?
4、Instead of casting a wistful glance backward at all the species we`ve left in the dust I.Q-wise,.
主：we
谓：have left
状：Instead of casting a wistful glance backward at all the species和in the dust
翻译：
意思不全.