半角公式.
cosx=1-2[sin(x/2)]^2
--->sin(x/2)=+'-√[(1-cosx)/2]
符号由(x/2)的象限决定,下同.
cosx=2[cos(x/2)]^2
--->cos(x/2)=+'-√[1+cosx)/2]
两式的的两边分别相除,得到
tan(x/2)=+'-√[(1-cosx)/(1+cosx)].

又tan(x/2)=sin(x/2)/cos(x/2)
=2[sin(x/2)]^2/[2sin(x/2)cos(x/2)]
=(1-cosx)/sinx
=sinx/(1+cosx).