原式=S (sin x)^2/(cos x)^2 dx
=S [1-(cos x)^2]/(cos x)^2 dx
=S 1/(cos x)^2 dx - S 1dx
S 1dx = x + C
S 1/(cos x)^2 dx中
令 t=1/cos x
则 dx = (cos x)^2/sin x dt
即 dx = 1/{ t [(t^2 - 1)]^0.5 } dt
∴ S 1/(cos x)^2 dx
= S t^2 /{ t [(t^2 - 1)]^0.5 } dt
= S t /[(t^2 - 1)]^0.5 dt
= 1/2 S 1/[(t^2 - 1)]^0.5 d(t^2)
= (t^2 - 1)^0.5 + C
= [1/(cos x)^2 - 1]^0.5 + C
= tan x + C
∴S (tan x)^2 dx
= tan x - x + C