a² + b² - 4a + 6b + 18
= (a² - 4a + 4) + (b² + 6b + 9) + 5
= (a - 2)² + (b + 3)² + 5
所以当 (a - 2)²=0和(b + 3)² =0是为最小值
当 a = 2 且 b = -3 时,有最小值 5