be动词有两个.
1、一个是系动词,后面接表语.如:
(1) I am a teacher.我是一个老师.(名词a teacher作表语)
(2) You are here.你在这儿.(副词here作表语)
(3) My father was in the factory last year.我父亲去年在这家工厂工作.(介词短语in the factory作表语)
(4) JIm's mother is kind.吉姆的妈妈很善良.(形容词kind作表语)
2、一个是助动词,后面接一个实义动词.如:
(5) I am talking.我在说话.
(6) You are listening to me.你在听我说.
(7) They were planting trees in the park last Sunday.上个星期天他们在公园里植树.
(8) Lucy is asked to give a lecture.露西受邀做演讲.
(9) Trees were planted in the park last Sunday.树上个星期天种在公园.
区分系动词be和助动词be的办法:系动词be后面没有其他动词,助动词be后面一定还有一个实义动词.助动词be的作用是帮助实义动词构成时态或语态.如:
例(5)中的助动词be与ing就好比是实义动词talk穿的两件衣服,talk穿上这两件衣服后就变成了现在进行时.
例(6)同理.
例(7)同理,是过去进行时.
例(8)实义动词ask穿上助动词is和ed(不规则动词不是ed)之后就变成了被动语态,这是一般现在时的被动语态.
例(9)同理,是一般过去时的被动语态.
你说be动词接形容词,这种说法不完整.见例(1)-例(4).
你说只有are能接ing,这种说法也不完整.见例(5)-例(7).
你说助动词接动词,这是对的.助动词后面都是接实义动词.
补充一点:助动词不是只有be.现在完成时的里have(has),过去完成时里的had,一般将来时里的shall和will,过去将来时里的would等,都是助动词.如:
I have finished my homework.我做完了家庭作业.
He had done it before you came in.你进来之前他就已经做完了.
I will clean the blackboard later.我等下擦黑板.
一般现在时的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句要借助do,这个do也是助动词.如:
I like English.(肯定句)
I don't like English.(否定句 )
Do you like English?(疑问句)