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定语从句
一、定语从句（一）：
1.定语从句的概念：
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.
2.先行词：
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词.
3.关系词：
引导定语从句的连词叫关系词.如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等.
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句.
关系词 指代 在定语从句中的作用
that 既指人也指物 作主语、宾语
which 指物 作主语、宾语
who 指人 作主语
whom 指人 作宾语
whose 既指人也指物 作定语
二、定语从句（二）
1.先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下,只能用that不用which.
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that.
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that.
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用that .
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that.
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=
I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行词既有人也有物时,只能that .
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下,只能用which不用that.
1).关系代词前有介词时,关系词只能用which .
This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行词本身是that时,关系词只能用which .
The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开）,关系词用which.
His book ,______ was lost last week ,has been found now.
3.先行词是人时,一般情况下既可用who 也可用that .但以下情况下,只能用who.
1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时,一般用who .
Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中,先行词指人时,只能用who.指物时用that.
There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时,只能用who .
He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
三、定语从句（三）.
由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句.
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
1.由where引导的定语从句.
1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语
Is this the house ______ you lived = Is this the house _____ _____ you lived
= Is this the house _____ you lived in
2.由when引导的定语从句.
1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注：先行词是the last time 时,when 可省略.
When was the last time you saw the parrot
3.由why引导的定语从句.
先行词为reason 时,一般用why .why在句中作原因状语.
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
四、注意事项：
1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时,常可省略.
The story _____ he told was very popular .
A.who B.whom C.whose D./
2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致.
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs .
She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词.
Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?
A.which you bought B.that you bought it C.you bought D.you bought it
4.定语从句中whose 的确定：
无论先行词是人或物,在定语从句中做定语用whose.
判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等）,若没有,则用whose .
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .
A.who B.whose C.which D.that
I know the boy .His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.
五、定语从句的简化
把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语.
1.She reveived a box which was full of presents .
She reveived a box _____ _____ presents .
2.He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.
He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun .
3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it .