Firstly,the land is damaged mostly by deforestation,(which is the cutting down of trees.) Overgrazing by cattle and livestock,especially on lands with few or little rain coupled with strong winds,is one of the factors that will result in more arid landscapes.
Secondly.the air is polluted by emissions like smoke and other pollutants from factories,power stations,and vehicles like cars.Especially in the industrial areas,these are harmful to human health and to the atmosphere.
Lastly,waste discharge from factories and cities into waters directly without being treated first,is a major source of water pollution.