英语翻译
Management information systems
Transformation of data into information has different meanings at different levels of an organization.J.W.Marriott,Jr.,the chief executive officer of the Marriott Corporation,once recalled,"I asked for some information on a specific problem,and in response [some subordinates] brought in a computer run out several inches high.I threw them out of the office.I said,you're not running a business when you bring in something like that.You're not contributing.
a management information system(MIS) is a collection of tools that provides information to a manager to facilitate that person's decision-making processes.Specifically,an MIS should help a manager either make a better decision or make a decision more easily than he or she would have otherwise.
Types of MIS
We have already seen that an information system may be either manual or computerized,informal or formal.Historically,well-defined reports produced on a regular basis have characterized the formal MIS.They still play an important role in it today.Such reports must be both accurate and timely if managers are to use the information properly to assist in their decision making.If the information is too old,managers either cannot or should not use it.That is why an MIS today must not only produce the regular reports it has always been expected to generate but must also respond quickly to unscheduled requests for information.A modern MIS answers "what ifs "rapidly on a CRT or else produces a printed report.The format of the MIS response is up to the manager who asks for it.For example,a sales manager might use a computer terminal to determine the projected or actual annual sales for the products sold in each of the regions under his or her direction