清后[t],元浊[d],[t] [d]之后读[id].
①清辅音[p] [k] [f] [s] [f]等后,ed要读[t].如：worked,finished.
②元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后,ed要读[d].如：lived,called.
③[t]或[d]后,ed读[id].如：started,needed