lots 不单独用的,lots of＝a lot of 后面接可数名词和不可数名词均可,接可数名词时谓语用复数,接不可数名词时,谓语用单数.
a lot 当然不是名词性短语了,而是副词性短语,修饰动词.比如：Thanks a lot.= Thanks very much.
再比如：I know him a lot.
plenty of 和以上lots of 和a lot of相似,后面接可数名词和不可数名词均可,接可数名词时谓语用复数,接不可数名词时,谓语用单数.
much 只能修饰不可数名词
many 只能修饰可数名词复数
a great number of 也只能修饰可数名词复数,谓语用复数.经常和the number of 作区别,the number of……表示……的数量,后面接可数名词复数,但谓语用单数.
some 表示一些,和a few同意,后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词都可以.
several表示“几个”,后面接可数名词复数.