但是现在分词强调的是动作.而过去分词强调的是状态,如Lost in the forest for two days,he felt the least courage to live on.Determined to leave the city,he quit the job.这里我们都不用having been lost,having been dertermined. 再如The thief was taken away with his hands tied. 强调被绑的状态,而不是正在被绑,所以不用being tied.