英语翻译
Estimates display a positive influence of shared standards on trade.For importer-specific standards,results differ across sectors.Their influence seems to be negative for agriculture,while it is positive for manufactured goods.Moenius (2006) confirms the negative impact of importer-specific standards on agricultural trade flows.A negative effect is now obtained for shared standards.Focusing on EU harmonization of technical regulations in the food industry,Henry de Frahan and Vancauteren (2006) suggest that harmonization has contributed to more intra-EU trade.Finally,quantity-impact measures are also used by Fontagne,Mimouni,and Pasteels (2005) for estimating the trade’s effect of SPS and TBTs.Their study covers all notifications compiled up to 2001 and controls for tariffs.While their results suggest a predominance of negative impacts of SPS and TBTs on trade of fresh and processed food,they show insignificant or even positive impacts for most of the manufactured products.