倒装句.
介词短语（作状语成分）+谓语+主语+其他成分.
介词短语：Alongside the platform at Aleppo
谓语：stood
主语：the train
剩下的是the train的后置定语,由“过去分词+状语”充当定语,相当于一个定语从句.
还原：The train (which was) grandly designated in railway guides as the Taurus Express stood Alongside the platform at Aleppo.
显然,主语和它的定语都不是原句要表达的重点,重点是火车的位置,即状语部分.这就是倒装句的作用.