英语翻译
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS
Mechanical properties are the characteristic responses of a material to applied forces.These properties fall into five broad categories:strength,hardness,elasticity,ductility,and toughness.
Strength is the ability of a metal to resist applied forces.
Strength properties are commonly referred to as tensile strength,bending strength,compressive strength,torsional strength,shear strength and fatigue strength.
Tensile strength is that property which resists forces acting to pull the metal apart.It is one of the most important factors in the evaluation of a metal.
Compressive strength is the ability of a material to resist being crushed.Compression is the opposite of tension with respect to the direction of the applied load.Most metals have high tensile strength and high compressive strength.However,brittle materials such as cast iron have high compressive strength but only a moderate tensile strength.
Bending strength is that quality which resists forces from causing a member to bend or deflect in the direction in which the load is applied.Actually a bending stress is a combination of tensile and compressive stresses.
Torsional strength is the ability of a metal to withstand forces that cause a member to twist.