我认为 这道题的答案是B.has not been 因为符合 真实情况 也符合 语法
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B. C. until Roman times.
如果选C.had been的话 应该是 The temple _.had been being__ used as a place of worship until Roman times.
也就是 罗马时代前 一直作为 祭祀的地方罗马时代后 就不是了