（一）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成：
1. 单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高级的规则变化：
规则 原级 比较级 最高级
1.在词尾后直接加-er/est tall taller tallest
2.词尾是e,只加-r/st nice nicer nicest
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变i再加-er/est happy happier happiest
4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加-er/est thin thinner thinnest
2. 其他双音节词或多音节词,在该词前面加-more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—(the) most beautiful
3. 由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词,都是在该词前加-more/most.
quickly—more quickly—(the) most quickly
difficultly—more difficultly—(the) most difficultly
4. 不规则变化:
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
（二）形容词比较级和最高级的用法：
1. 原级的用法:
用于两者之间对比,意思为“……和……相同”
A+v.+as….+形容词原级+as B
Tom is as honest as Jack.
Her skin is as white as snow.
My dog is as old as that one.
He is not as (=so) tall as I.
The weather here is not as(=so)cool as the weather in Harbin.
2. 比较级的用法:
1）A+形容词比较级+than+ B
Susan is happier than Jane.
His brother is younger than me.
Beijing is more beautiful than Osaka.
形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little,far, a lot, a bit, much more来修饰.
Very, so, too, quite 不能修饰比较级.
2）数字+形容词比较级+than
I’m two years older than you.
She is a head taller than me.
3）比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”
The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
China becomes more and more stronger.
4）the +比较级,the +比较级结构,表示“越……就越……”
The more I study it, the more I like it.
5）which/who +is +比较级
Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?
Who is happier, you or me?
3. 最高级用法：
用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the,最高级前有物主代词,序数词和名词所有格时,不加定冠词,后面跟带in或of表范围的短语.
1）one of the +最高级
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.
Most people like apples.
Most of the boys are good.
It is our nearest neighbor in space.
2）最高级意义的表达方法:
例句
最高级 She is the best in her class.
比较级 She is better than any other student in her class.
No other student in her class is better than she.
原级 No other student in her class is as good as she.
（三）副词比较级和最高级的用法：
1. 原级主要的句型：
1）as+副词原级+as
Tom runs as fast as Jones.
not as/so+副词原级+as
He didn’t come as/so early as Li Lei.
2）too+副词原级+to do sth.
Jean rides too slowly to catch up with me.
3）so +副词原级+ that
Jean rides so slowly that she can’t catch up with me.
4）副词原级+enough to do sth.
Jean doesn’t ride fast enough to catch up with me.
2. 比较级的用法：
1）比较级+than.当前后使用的动词相同时,通常用助动词来代替后面的动词,该动词或助动词可以省略.
Lily run faster than Mary(did).
2）比较级+and +比较级
The days are getting longer and longer in summer.
3）the more…the more…
The harder you work, the better you will learn.
3. 最高级的用法：
副词最高级前一般有the,也可省略.
He works (the) hardest of all the students in the class.
形容词的比较级和最高级(1)
1. 在英语中,在表示“比较…”和“最…”时,形容词要用特别的形式,称为“比较级”和“最高级”,原来的形容词称为“原级”：
原级比较级 最高级
strong强 stronger较强 strongest最强
2. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成方法如下：
a. 单音节词和少数双音节词以加-er和-est的方式构成：
原级 比较级 最高级
young年轻 younger较年轻youngest最年轻
old老 older较老oldest最老
clean干净 cleaner较干净cleanest最干净
在加词尾时要注意下面的各种情况：
情况 加词尾法 例词
一般情况直接加词尾small, smaller, smallest
以e结尾的词加-r,-stlarge, larger, largest
以辅音＋y结尾的词变y为i,再加词尾busy, busier, busiest
以“辅音字母”结尾的词 将这字母双写再加词尾big, bigger, biggest
b. 其他词都在前面加more, most构成比较级及最高级：
原级比较级 最高级
importantmore importantmost important
difficultmore difficultmost difficult
interestingmore interestingmost interesting
useful more useful most useful
3. 用比较级时常用than引起一个从句,表示和什么比较：
His room is bigger than mine. 他的房间比我的房间大.
She is younger than my sister. 她比我妹妹年轻.
Exercises:
I. 学会下列形容词的比较级和最高级：
原级比较级 最高级
1. talltaller tallest
strongstronger strongest
old olderoldest
2. large larger largest
finefinerfinest
latelaterlatest
3. big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
thinthinnerthinnest
4. easyeasier easiest
busybusier busiest
happy happierhappiest
5. valuablemore valuablemost valuable
dangerous more dangerous most dangerous
comfortable more comfortable most comfortable
II. 给出下面形容词的比较级和最高级：
1. bright2. fat 3. lazy 4. safe5. heavy6. wide7. high8. close9. long10. dirty 11. sad 12. brave 13. silly14. beautiful15. early 16. prosperous17. interesting 18. delicious 19. difficult
形容词--形容词的比较级和最高级(2)
1. 有几个形容词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式：
原级比较级 最高级
goodwell better best
bad ill worse worst
manymuch more most
littlelessleast
far farther further farthestfurthest
old older elder oldesteldest
小贴士1：elder和eldest可用来表示兄弟和子女的长幼顺序：
my elder sister 我的姐姐
my eldest brother 我的大哥
their eldest son他们的长子
小贴士1：further表示“较远”外,还可表示 “进一步的”；而farther仅表示距离：
The farther plants are too cold. 更远的行星太冷.
Do you need any further help? 你还需要更进一步的帮助吗?
2. 双音节词除了以“辅音＋y”结尾的词外,还有以ow, er, le结尾的词,和个别其他双音节词,可以用加词尾的办法构成比较级和最高级：
原级 比较级 最高级
narrownarrower narrowest
clevercleverer cleverest
simplesimplersimplest
commoncommoner commonest
3. 也有少数单音节词可以加more和most的办法构成比较级和最高级：
原级比较级最高级
pleasedmore pleasedmost pleased
tiredmore tiredmost tired
glad more glad most glad
包含形容词比较级的句子
1. 包含形容词比较级的句子多带有一个由than引起的状语从句,表示和什么相比,从句中有些词会省略掉：
She is taller than her elder sister. 她比她姐姐高.
This book is in simpler English than the other one. 这本书的英文比另一本容易.
Life was much harder than it is today. 那时的生活比现在苦得多.
Europe has less land than Canada. 欧洲的面积比加拿大小.
They are all younger than me. 他们都比我年轻.
She knows more English than I do. 她的英语比我懂的多.
2. 有时状语从句可以省略：
The weather is warmer today. 今天天气要暖和得多.
Are you feeling better now? 现在你感觉好一点了吗?
I’ll be more careful in future. 以后我要细心点.
Have you got a larger size? 你们有大一点的吗?
I had never seen a better film. 我没看过(比这)更好的电影.
3. 比较级前有时有一个状语修饰：
My sister is two years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小两岁.
Our room is slightly bigger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的稍微大一点.
This car is a bit more expensive. 这辆车稍稍贵点.
You are an inch taller than Tom. 你比汤姆高一寸.
Your pronunciation is much better than mine. 你发音比我好多了.
4. 比较级的形容词还可以用在某些句型中：
Most cities in China are getting bigger and bigger. 中国大多数城市越来越大.
He read more than ten books last term. 上学期他看了十几本书.
The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴.
带as(so)… as的结构
1. 在表示“和…一样…”时,可用“as... as”结构(前面的as后要用原形)：
He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙.
I’ll give you as much help as I can. 我将尽量帮助你.
The airport was as crowded as ever. 机场还是像平常那样拥挤.
You’re as good a singer as Johny Buck. 你的歌唱得像约尼∙伯克一样好.
Modern computers can be as small as a book. 现在的电脑可以像一本书那样大.
2. 在表示“不像…那样…”时可用“not as(so)... as”这种结构：
It isn’t so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那样冷.
He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那样英俊.
I’m not so experienced as you think. 我没有你想的那样有经验.
The situation is not so bad as had been painted. 形势没有描绘的那样糟糕.
Jack is not as(so) old as he looks. 杰克不像他看起来那样老.
3. 这种结构中也可包含一个状语或有almost, just, nearly, quite这类副词形容：
The whale was twice as long as her boat. 那头鲸有她的那艘船的两倍长.
Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子约为我们房子三倍大.
My command of English is not half so good as yours. 我的英语掌握得还不及你的一半好.
He was almost as diligent as his sister. 他几乎和她姐姐一样勤奋.
She is nearly as tall as her mother. 她几乎和她妈妈一样高.
4. as... as还可用在许多固定说法中：
as brave as a lion
as busy as a bee
as vain as a peacock
soft as velvet
as bright as day
as fat as a pig
as gentle as a lamb
easy as ABC
形容词最高级的用法
1. 形容词最高级有时单独使用,但前面需加定冠词：
What’s the best time to go there? 什么时候到那儿去最好?
Express mail is the fastest way to send a letter. 快递是寄信的最快办法.
It’s the latest fashion from Paris. 这是巴黎来的最新式样.
The oldest is only nine. 最大的才九岁.
The highest mountain in Japan is Fuji. 日本最高的山是富士山.
In Western Europe Germany has the most people. 在西欧德国人口最多.
2. 有时跟一个短语或从句说明在哪个范围内如此：
It is the largest island in Europe. 它是欧洲最大的岛.
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. 昨天是今年最热的一天.
The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country. 长江是我国最大的河流.
It was the cheapest hotel we could find. 这是我们能找到的最便宜的旅馆.
This was the best beer (that) I have ever drunk. 这是我喝过的最好的啤酒.
It was the worst film we had ever seen. 这是我们看过的最糟的电影.
3. 形容词前有时有定语或状语修饰：
Its second largest city is Osaka. 它的第二大城市是大阪.
The third largest city is Los Angeles. 第三大城市是洛杉矶.
She was by far the most active member in our group. 她是我们小组最积极的成员.
4. 形容词最高级有时表示“非常”的意思,这时前面可加不定冠词或不加定冠词：
It’s a most touching story. 这是一个非常动人的故事.
It was most stupid to act like that. 这样做是非常愚蠢的.
5. 形容词最高级还可用在某些短语中(这时常转化为名词)：
She is ten years old at most. 她至多十岁.
We’ll do our best. 我们将尽力而为.
名词化的形容词
1. 有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人,这可称为名词化的形容词：
These seats are for the disabled. 这些座位是给残疾人坐的.
In these countries, the poor get poorer, the rich get richer. 在这些国家,穷人越来越穷,富人越来越富.
They are going to build a school for the blind. 他们准备盖一所盲人学校.
She was always good with the unfortunate. 她对不幸的人总是很好的.
2. 定冠词还可以与-ch, -sh, -ese等结尾表示国家的形容词连用,表示这些国家的人：
The French like to eat well. 法国人饮食很讲究.
The Chinese were a highly civilized people long before the Europeans were. 早在欧洲人之前,中国人已是一个有高度文化的民族.
the Dutch 荷兰人
the Spanish
西班牙人
the Welsh 威尔士人
the Burmese 缅甸人
the Japanese 日本人
the Swiss 瑞士人
3. 有些形容词还可以和the连用,表示抽象的事物：
Don’t expect them to do the impossible. 不要指望他们做不可能的事.
She admired the mystical. 她喜欢那些神奇古怪的东西.
This was nothing out of the ordinary. 这没有什么特别之处.
Their aim was to discover the good, the beautiful and the true. 他们的目的是寻求真、善、美.
4. 在某些习惯用语中也包含名词化的形容词：
Are you leaving the place for good? 你离开这里不再回来了吗?
I will give you an answer on Friday at the latest. 我最迟星期五给你一个回答.
She took leave of us in the liveliest spirits. 她兴致很好地和我们告别了