英语翻译
1.A vaccine is a substance that is prepared from killed or weakened disease-causing agents,including certain bacteria.
2.Transformation is a change in genotype caused when cells take up foreign genetic material.
3.A bacteriohage(bak TIHR ee uh fayi),also referred to as phage(fayi),is a virus that infects that infects bacteria.
4.double helix-——two strands twisted around each other,like a winding staircase
5.Nucleotides are the subunits that make up DNA.
6.Deoxyribose(dee ahk see RIE bohs),from which DNA gets tis full name,deoxyribouncleic acid.
7.Base-pairing rules are supported by Chargaff's observations.
8.complementary base pairs.That is ,the sequence of nitrogen bases on the other strand must be AGCTTGA
9.DNA replication.DNA replication is summarized in Figure 9.
10.DNA helicases open the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that link the complementary nitrogen bases between the two strands.
11.replication forks because of their Y shape,as shown in Figure 9.
12.DNA polymerases move along each of the DNA strands.