特征方程为r³-3r²＋5r-3=0r³-r²-2r²＋2r＋3r-3=0r²(r-1)-2r(r-1)+3(r-1)=0(r-1)(r²-2r+3)=0r1=1或r²-2r+3=0(r-1)²=-2r2,3=1±√2i即特征值为λ1=1,λ2,3=1±√2i...