设电源的电压为U;
R1、R2串联时,电路中的电流为:
I=
| U |
| R1+R2 |
R1消耗的电功率为:
P=I2R1=(
| U |
| R1+R2 |
R1、R2并联时,R1消耗的电功率:
P1=
| U2 |
| R1 |
通过R2的电流为:
I2=
| U |
| R2 |
①②两式相比可得,
(
| R1 |
| R1+R2 |
| 9 |
| 16 |
解得R1=3R2,
代入①③式可得:
(
| U |
| R1+R2 |
| U |
| 3R2+R2 |
| 1 |
| 4 |
| U |
| R2 |
| 1 |
| 4 |
解得:R2=3Ω,
R1=3R2=3×3Ω=9Ω.
答:
电阻R1和R2的阻值分别为9Ω、3Ω.
| U |
| R1+R2 |
| U |
| R1+R2 |
| U2 |
| R1 |
| U |
| R2 |
| R1 |
| R1+R2 |
| 9 |
| 16 |
| U |
| R1+R2 |
| U |
| 3R2+R2 |
| 1 |
| 4 |
| U |
| R2 |
| 1 |
| 4 |