奇数项为：a,a+2d,a+4d,.,a+2nd
奇数项和：S奇 = [a + (a+2nd)](n+1)/2 = (a+nd)(n+1)
偶数项为：a+d,a+3d,a+5d,.,a+(2n-1)d
偶数项和：S偶 = [(a+d) + (a+2nd-d)]n/2 = (a+nd)n