介词without用法说明 1.表示否定,其意为“没有”“无”“不需”.如：He went out without his umbrella.他外出没有带伞.I was without anyone to look after my child.没有人替我照看孩子.The letter had been posted without a stamp.那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了.若用于否定词no,not,never等之后,则表示肯定,其意为“没有……不”“没有……则不能”“每……必定”.如：There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪.Don’t go out without a coat on.不要没穿外衣就出去.They never meet without quarrelling.他们一见面就争吵.What he has said is not without reason.他说的话不是没有道理.2.其后除可接名词或代词外,也可接动名词.如：He walked past me without speaking.他从我身旁走过,一句话也没说.He left without paying his bill.他没有付账就走了.It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us.真奇怪,他没有告诉我们一声就走了.3.有时表示条件,意为“若无”“若非”.如：Without water,we cannot live.没有水,我们就活不了.Can you see without your glasses?你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗?这样用时,有时还可引出虚拟语气,相当于 but for.如：Without your advice I would have failed.假若没有你的劝告,我想必已失败了.I never could have done it without your help.如果没有你的帮助我永远也不会完成这事.4.后接两个并列成分时,既可用and也可用or,即without A and B与without A or B 同义,相当于without A and without B,同时否定A、B两者.如：We cannot survive for long without food and [or] water.我们没有食物和水就活不了多久.5.所引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语,表示“没有”.如：He is without bias.他没有成见.