with的用法相见下面网址：
by的用法：
prep.被,经,由,在...之旁 ad.经过,在近处
介词 prep.在…旁；靠近
near to;beside
· Our teacher was sitting by the window.
我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边.
· Stand by me!
站到我的身旁来!
· We spent our holiday by the sea.
我们在海边度假.
介词 prep.经过
past
· He walked by me without speaking.
他走过我的身旁,没有说话.
· My brother goes by the building every day.
我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过.
介词 prep.用；靠；通过
using (showing who or what did something)
· I know it by heart.
我把它记在心头.
· They can read by touch.
他们可以通过手摸来阅读.
· By getting up early,I can have an hour for reading English in the morning.
靠起得早,我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语.
介词 prep.不迟于
not later than
· I shall be back by 5 o'clock.
最迟五点我一定回来.
· How many English parties had you had by the end of last term?
到上学期末,你们举行了几次英语晚会?
介词 prep.通过；沿着
through; along; over
· We came through the fields,not by the road.
我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的.
· to send a letter by post
通过邮局寄信
介词 prep.（表示作者）被；由
word that shows the author,painter,etc.
· Thirty divided by two is fifteen.
三十除以二得十五.
· The child was saved by a PLA man.
这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的.
· This bridge was built by the soldiers.
这座桥是士兵们造的.
介词 prep.（指交通等）乘；用
word that shows what kind of transport,etc.
· The man came by bus.
那人是坐公共汽车来的.
· They went to Shanghai by air.
他们坐飞机去上海.
介词 prep.在…情况下；在…时间
during
· Do you prefer travelling by day or by night?
你喜欢在白天还是在夜晚旅行?
介词 prep.（表示部分）在…部位
word that shows which part
· She led the child by the hand.
她拉着孩子的手往前走.
副词 adv.在旁边
near
· He gave me a story book when nobody was by.
当附近无人的时候他把小说给了我.
副词 adv.从旁边经过
past
· He hurried by without a word.
他匆匆地走过去没有说一句话.
· Time has gone by.
时间已过去了.
· She walked by.
她走过去了.
day by day little by little
one by one piece by piece
side by side step by step
by day (night) by hand
by letter by mistake
by plane by post
come by bicycle go by air
go by boat go by train
know by name know by sight
send ...by wireless send ...by electricity
(all) by oneself by the way
by chance by means of
by no means by this means
by way of by and by
by and large close by
pass by
prep.在···旁边,靠近
at beside near of on over through
adj.远的
remote
through的用法：1.prep.
1) (表示位置)在…之中; 在…各处; 遍及
The earth moves through space.
地球在太空中运行.
2) (表示时间)在…期间; 从…开头到结尾
Tom bore up bravely through his father's illness.
在他父亲生病期间,汤姆表现得很坚强勇敢.
He will live through the night.
他活不过今天夜里.
3) (表示方向)从…的一端到另一端; 经过
He went through the forest the next day.
次日他穿过了森林.
The River Thimes flows through London.
泰晤士流经伦敦.
4) (表示状态)经历着; 度过
He has decided to prolong his visit through the weekend.
他已决定把他的访问延长到过完周末.
5) (表示方式)凭借; 用
I learnt of the position through a newspaper advertisement.
我是从报纸广告上得悉有此职位的.
6) (表示原因)因为,由于
It was through him that I missed my train.
就是因为他,我才误了火车.
The vase was broken through carelessness.
由于粗心花瓶打破了.
7) (表示让步)尽管有(反对、抗议等)的声音; 顶着
The politician strugglled to speak through the shouts of the crowd.
尽管人群中不断有叫喊声,那位政客仍然坚持讲下去.
2.adv.
a) 通过,过去
Can I get through by this road?
我可以从这条路过去吗?
b) 进行到底
I'm counting on you to help me through!
我正指望你帮忙帮到底呢!
3.习惯用语
1) all through一直,从来就
all through the day
一整天
2) be through ( with sb/sth ) 断绝关系; 不来往
Kate and I are through.凯特和我已不来往
3) through and through完完全全,彻头彻尾地; 反复地
He is an Englishman through and through.
他是一个地地道道的英国人