长除算法(与数的除法类似)
X^3 + 9 X^2 + 23 X + 15
------------------------------------
X - 3 ) X^4 + 6 X^3 - 4 X^2 - 54 X - 45
X^4 - 3 X^3
--------------
9 X^3 - 4 X^2 - 54 X - 45
9 X^3 - 27 X^2
--------------
23 X^2 - 54 X - 45
23 X^2 - 69 X
-------------
15 X - 45
15 X - 45
---------
0
所以
X^4 + 6 X^3 - 4 X^2 - 54 X - 45
= ( X - 3 )( X^3 + 9 X^2 + 23 X + 15 )
X^2 + 6 X + 5
---------------------------
X + 3 ) X^3 + 9 X^2 + 23 X + 15
X^3 + 3 X^2
-------------
6 X^2 + 23 X + 15
6 X^2 + 18 X
------------
5 X + 15
5 X + 15
--------
0
所以
X^3 + 9 X^2 + 23 X + 15
= ( X + 3 )( X^2 + 6 X + 5 )
而
X^2 + 6 X + 5 = ( X + 1 )( X + 5 )
故
X^4 + 6 X^3 - 4 X^2 - 54 X - 45
= ( X - 3 )( X + 3 )( X + 1 )( X + 5 )
