第一：the other的意思是另一个,通常表示两者的事物,是特指,如
I have two brother,one is Jack,the other is Mike.
others是代词,后面不能跟名词.意思是其他的,一般是泛指,通常也与some连用,意为一些.其他的.如
There are many people playing in the playground,some are running,others are jumping.
the others是指三者或三者以上的其他部分,如
I have three brothers,one is tall,
another是再一个,又一个的意思,如
The apple is delicious,I want to another one.
另外告诉你,other只是一个单词,一般不单独使用.
至于第二嘛你自己找了.