1）some和any都有一些的意思
some用在肯定句,I bought some books yesterday.
any用在疑问句和否定句,I don't have any books.Do you have any books?
另外,some有某个的意思,如some day 某天
any还有任何的意思,这时any在肯定、疑问和否定句中都可用.如I will help any of you.
(2)much和many都是很多的意思.
much修饰不可数名词,如I don't have much money.
many修饰可数名词,如many books,many people……
是的some any都可以不可数的词连用,句子中的单复数自然根据后面接的词语和句意来定了.你意义上的is are 分别表示单复数吧?
much\many 只能分别跟不可数和可数连用,但有特殊情况的.如
I do not have （much） friends here.
many 用于肯定句
much 用于否定句
虽然much修饰不可数名字,但这里确修饰了friends,是因为有否定的含义.