This book is the one that you bought yesterday.是对的,先行词为the one,后面关系词用that,是没有问题的.

Is this book__the one (which/that)__you bought yesterday?做法的最好是先将其还原成陈述句,this book is __the one (which/that)__you bought yesterday.这样就很清楚了,横线前没有先行词,所以需要先添加名词或代词来作先行词,然后再考虑关系代词.
Is this the book___ (which/that)_____you bought yesterday?同2的分析方法