证明:充分性:
sn=an²+bn
sn-1=a(n-1)²+b(n-1)
故an=sn-sn-1=an²+bn-[a(n-1)²+b(n-1)]=2an-a+b=(a+b)+(n-1)*2a=a1+(n-1)d
故an是以a+b为首项,公差为2a的等差数列.
必要性:设an=a1+(n-1)d=(a1-d)+nd
则sn=n(a1-d)+d*n(n+1)/2=1/2*dn^2+(a1-d/2)n=an^2+bn
其中a=d/2,b=a1-d/2.
故数列{an}为等差数列的充要条件是数列{an}的前n项和为sn=an²+bn(其中啊a,b为常数)