x^2+3x+1=0
x^2+1=-3x 两边除x
x+1/x=-3 平方
x^2+2+1/x^2=9
x^2+1/x^2=7
x^2-2+1/x^2=7-2=5
(x-1/x)^2=5
x-1/x=±√5
(x+1/x)(x-1/x)=x^2-1/x^2=(-3)*±√5=±3√5