前者形容词,修饰名词.一般在名词前,be动词后.
e.g.:You should be careful.
The doctor gave him a careful examination.（此例句选自谷歌字典）
后者副词,修饰动词和形容词.(但carefully好像一般不修饰形容词~)
e.g.:Now listen carefully everybody.（此例句选自谷歌字典)
Hope it helped you.