试举 book 和 interest,earthquake 和 devastate,work 和 finish  三例：

动名词用作形容词：

an interesting book

a devastating earthquake

a finished work

现在分词短语做定语：

a book interesting to us

an earthquke devastating many buildings

an artist finishing the work

过去分词短语做定语：

a person interested in the book

a city devastated by earthquake

a work finished by the artist