2.1 不定冠词的用法
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义.英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词（the Definite Article）,另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article）,还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）.
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思.a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en].
1) 表示"一个",意为one；指某人或某物,意为a certain.
A Mr.Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一类人或物.
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr.Smith is an engineer.
3) 词组或成语.
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden