因为 a²-4a-1=0,有 a²=4a+1
所以 (a-1/a)²=a²+1/a²-2
=(4a+1)+1/(4a+1)-2
=[(4a+1)²+1-2(4a+1)]/(4a+1)
=(16a²+1+8a+1-8a-2)/(4a+1)
=16(4a+1)/(4a+1)
=16
即 a-1/a=4或a-1/a=-4