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跪求人称代词主格,宾格,和it的用法
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人气:392 ℃ 时间:2019-09-11 19:51:08
解答
1.人称代词的形式
英语中有以下这些人称代词:
人 称 单 数 复 数
主 格 宾 格 主 格 宾 格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he
she
it
him
her
it
they
them
通 称 one ones
〔说明〕
⑴ 人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格在句中一般用作主语、表语等,宾格在句中用作动词的宾语和介词的宾语.
⑵ 人称代词单数he,she 和it的复数形式都是they,宾格形式也相同,为them.
⑶ 第三人称的人称代词分阳性he / him,阴性she / her 和中性it /it,复数形式只有一个they / them,不分性别.
2.人称代词的指代
人称代词主要用来指人,但是也可以用来指物.选用什么人称代词,主要取决于所指代的名词、短语或从句,并且在数和性上要与之保持一致.例如:
Children can have delicious food and wear new clothes.They can also get some money from their parents.(They指代前句中的复数名词Children.)
If you keep a pet,you need to spend some time taking care of it.(it指代前半句中的pet.)
it有时也可以用来指人,例如:
What a beautiful baby – is it a boy?多漂亮的孩子啊!是男孩吗?
Who’s that?— It’s the postman.谁啊?——是邮递员.
3.人称代词的基本用法
⑴ 主格人称代词用作主语或表语,例如:
If he writes to you,you must write back.如果他给你写信,你必须回复.(用作主语)
It wasn’t she who broke the window.打破窗子的不是她.(用作表语)
在口语中,人称代词如果作表语,通常用宾格形式.例如:
Who is it?— It’s me (us).是谁呀?——是我(我们).
⑵ 宾格人称代词用作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语),例如:
Tell her to call me tomorrow,please.请叫她明天给我打电话.(用作动词宾语)
I don’t want to put them under the table.我不想把它们放在桌底下.(用作介词宾语)
人称代词独立使用时也用宾格形式,例如:
I’d like to go back in here.— Me too.我想回到这里来.——我也想.
以下两句中的人称代词用主格和宾格都可以,用主格被认为较正式,用宾格为口语说法.例如:
My sister is two years older than I (am) / me.我姐姐比我大两岁.
You are as tall as he (is) / him.你跟他个子一样高.
4.在使用人称代词时要注意的几点
⑴ we,you,they有时可用来泛指“人们”,例如:
We have to be very careful in this building.在这座大楼里,大家都要十分小心.
You should keep calm even when you are in danger.即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静.
They say prices are going to increase again.据说,物价又要上涨了.
⑵ she 可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等,例如:
China will always do what she has promised to do.中国从来是说话算话的.
The Titanic was on her first voyage when she sank.泰坦尼克号巨轮是在首航途中沉没的.
⑶ 注意人称代词并列式的顺序:
You and I are good friends.你和我是好朋友.(出于礼貌)
Tom and I left home early this morning.汤姆和我今天一大早就离开了家.(出于礼貌)
You and he must be there at seven o’clock.你和他必须7点钟到达那里.(you较近,he较远)
You,he and I will be put in the same class.你、我、他将被分在同一个班.(注意汉英两种语言的不同表达顺序)
5.it的特殊用法
it的特殊用法包括两个:非人称it和引导词it.
6.非人称it
非人称it在句中充当主语,又叫“非人称主语”,其用法如下:
⑴ 表示时间,例如:
What day is it today?— It is Sunday.今天星期几?——今天星期天.
We’ll meet at three o’clock this afternoon.— Shall we make it a little earlier?我们今天下午3点见面.——我们把时间定早一点好吗?
⑵ 表示距离,例如:
How far is it from your office to the bank?从你办公室到银行有多远?
⑶ 表示天气等自然现象,例如:
It has been rainy here for almost half a month.这里已下了将近半个月的雨.
It is much colder today than it was yesterday.今天比昨天冷多了.
7.引导词it
引导词it在句中充当形式主语,而其随后的不定式短语、动名词短语或从句则是真正的主语.例如:
It is boring to eat the same food every day.(真正的主语为不定式短语to eat the same food every day)
It is no use waiting here any longer.(真正的主语为动名词短语waiting here any longer)
It is still unknown whether they ever reached the top of the mountain.(真正的主语为从句whether they ever reached the top of the mountain.)
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