Although the existing urban and rural medical insurance system has made remarkable achievements, there are some problems in the division of medical insurance between urban and rural systems. These include : lack of government responsibility, serious waste of resources, system convergence difficulties, overall planning at low levels. These have caused the dual structure of the urban and rural medical insurance system which is contrary to the basic overall planning requirements of urban and rural development. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the government responsibility, to unify the management of institutions, and to realize convergence of urban and rural areas with multi-level medical insurance system, to raise the overall planning level, to improve the medical assistance system, and to coordinate urban and rural residents medical insurance process so as to realize the goal of universal coverage of urban and rural medical insurance system.