有最大值则开口向下,a<0
配方
y=a(x²+2x/a)+3a
=a(x²+2x/a+1/a²-1/a²)+3a
=a(x²+2x/a+1/a²)-1/a+3a
=a(x+1/a)²-1/a+3a
最大=-1/a+3a=-2
3a²-1=-2a
3a²+2a-1=0
(3a-1)(a+1)=0
a<0
所以a=-1