either...or...与 neither...nor...
一、either...or...
either...or...意为"或者……或者……;不是……就是……"之意.表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分.例如:
When the girl is happy,she either sings or dances.那个女孩高兴时,不是唱就是跳.(此句中either...or...连接两个动词,因为主语是单数第三人称,谓语动词要用其相应的形式.)
either...or...连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是我们通常说的"就近原则".例如:
Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里.
注意:如果把上句变成一般疑问句,助动词形式与主语you保持一致,所以要用are提问,而不是am.例如:
Are either you or I going there tomorrow?明天是你还是我去那里?
Either you or he has lunch at school.其一般疑问句应为:Do either you or he have lunch at school?是你还是他在学校吃午饭?
若要对either...or...句型进行否定时,只需把either...or...换成neither...nor...即可.例如:
Either you or she is good at drawing.变为否定句应为:Neither you nor she is good at drawing.你和她都不擅长绘画.
我们还可以单独使用either,其意为"两者中的任何一个".例如:
There are many shops on either side of the street.街道两边有许多商店.这个句子也可以这样表达:There are many shops on both sides of the street.在街道两边有许多商店.
either用在否定句的句末,表示"也"的意思.例如:
If you don\'t go there.I won\'t,either.如果你不去那里,我也不去.
二、neither...nor...
neither...nor...表示"既不……也不……".其含义是否定的,可连接任意两个并列的成份.例如:
She likes neither butter nor cheese.她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪.此句中neither...nor...连接两个宾语.当neither...nor...连接两个主语时,也应遵循"就近原则".例如:
Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家.
若将neither...nor...句型变为肯定句,只需把neither...nor...改为both...and...即可,同时谓语动词必须用复数形式.例如:
Both dad and mum are at home today.今天父母都在家.
还可以单独使用neither作主语,表示"两者中没有一个".例如:
Neither of them likes football.他们俩都不喜欢足球.
neither或nor还有另外一种用法,就是当表达一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事时,可用neither或nor进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither / Nor+助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词+主语.例如:
He doesn\'t go to school by bike.Neither / Nor do I.他不是骑自行车上学,我也不是.
They didn\'t go to the park yesterday.Neither / Nor did we.昨天他们没去公园,我们也没去.1) both (两者都),either(两者中任何一个),neither (两者都不).以上词使用范围为两个人或物.
Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明.
2) both,either
both与复数连用,either与单数连用.
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明.
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明.
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
(两岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street.
(岸的两边)
路边长满了野花.
3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一个),none (都不).以上词使用范围为三者以上.
All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了.
I don't like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢.
I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢.
注意:all与none用法一样.跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词.
All of the students are there.
所有的学生都在那.
All (of) the milk is there.
所有的牛奶都在那.