Information failure is another,significant,market failure and can occur in two basic situations.Firstly,information failure exists when some,or all,of the participants in an economic exchange do not have perfect knowledge.Secondly,information failure exists when one participant in an economic exchange knows more than the other,a situation referred to as the problem of asymmetric,or unbalanced,information.
信息失灵也是一种市场失灵,主要产生于两种情况下
1.市场的所有参与者中某些参与者无法拥有完备的信息.
2.互换活动中某些参与者拥有比其他参与者更多的信息,也就是信息不对称,或不均衡.