a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca
=1/2(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac)
=1/2[(a-b)^2+(a-c)^2+(b-c)^2]
=1/2[1^2+(-1)^2+2^2]
=1/2*6
=3