1.原式=(a-b)(3a+b)²-(a+3b)²(a-b)
=(a-b)[(3a+b)²-(a+3b)²]
=(a-b)(3a+b+a+3b)(3a+b-a-3b)
=(a-b)(4a+ab)(2a-2b)
=8(a+b)(a-b)²
2.原式=[2x²+1+2(x²+2x)][2x²+1-2(x²+2x)]
=(4x²+4x+1)(1-4x)
=(2x+1)²(1-4x)
3.原式=(a+b)²-2(a-b)(a+b)+(a-b)²
=[a+b-(a-b)]²
=4b²
4.原式=(a-b)²-(a-b)
=(a-b)(a-b-1)