In "the good old days" 是状语
many problem是主语
probably existed是谓语
后面是分隔式定语从句 修饰主语
that were taken for granted or for which no adequate vocabulary existed in order to discuss them.
在这个句子里面,that were taken for granted 是定语从句,它的先行词是主语.另外,For which引导的是并列的定语从句 里面的which 指代的也是主语.
for which no adequate vocabulary existed 是定语从句,先行词是主语.