a(n)=a+(n-1)d,
s(n)=na+n(n-1)d/2=(d/2)n^2 + (a-d/2)n,
A=d/2,B = a - d/2.
s(n)=An^2+bn.
Sn能写成Sn=An²+Bn的形式,其中A=d/2,B = a - d/2.