The earliest dynasties 主语
ended with 谓语
a period of interstate warfare 宾语
that also saw a flourishing of philosophies and thought as known as the “hundrend schools” 定语（从句）,修饰宾语的
定语从句又有一个小定语as known as the “hundrend schools”.
saw是宾语从句里面的谓语,that指代了主句的宾语,这里可以理解为见证了,见证了哲学思想的繁荣发展