(1)
NH3H2O的Kb = 1.76×10^(-5)
2 mol/L 氨水的[OH-] = √(cKb) = √[2*1.76×10^(-5)] = 5.93×10^(-3) mol/L
pH = 14 + lg[OH-] = 11.77
(2)等体积混合后,形成浓度为 1 mol/L 的NH4Cl 溶液
NH4+的Ka = Kw/Kb = 1×10^(-14) ÷ [1.76×10^(-5)] = 5.68×10^(-10)
[H+] = √(cKa) = √[5.68×10^(-10)] = 2.38×10^(-5) mol/L
pH = - lg[H+] = 4.62
(3)没写氨水浓度,无法计算混合后,为 1 mol/L NH4Cl 和1 mol/L HCl 混合溶液。存在离解平衡NH4+ ==可逆== NH3 + H+设混合溶液中 [NH3] = x,NH4+ ==可逆== NH3 + H+,Ka = Kw/Kb = 1×10^(-14) ÷ [1.76×10^(-5)] = 5.68×10^(-10) 1-xx1+x所以 (1+x)x / (1-x) = Ka =5.68×10^(-10)由于解离微弱,可认为 1+x ≈ 1-x ≈ 1,解得 x = 5.68×10^(-10) mol/L故pH = - lg(1+x) = - lg 1 = 0
